North Carolina Foreclosure Law and Procedure

Here is a summary of foreclosure laws and rules for the State of North Carolina:

  • Lenders can use either a mortgage or deed of trust.
  • Lenders primarily use deed of trust and foreclose by trustee sale.
  • Three notices are given: A Notice of Default is given thirty days prior to receiving a Notice of Hearing. A Notice of Hearing is given 10 days prior to the hearing. Notice of Sale must be served on the homeowner twenty days prior to sale.
  • There is no right of redemption, if a non-judicial foreclosure is utilized and the lender may not sue for a deficiency if the mortgage was used to purchase the real estate, i.e. the loan is non-recourse.

    The following is the statute relevant to deficiency judgments. Check with a local North Carolina lawyer to see if it has been modified, and also to have it legally interpreted for you. § 45-21.38A. Deficiency judgments abolished where mortgage secured by primary residence. (a) As used in this section, the term "nontraditional mortgage loan" means a loan in which all of the following apply: (1) The borrower is a natural person. (2) The debt is incurred by the borrower primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. (3) The principal amount of the loan does not exceed the conforming loan size for a single family dwelling as established from time to time by Fannie Mae. (4) The loan is secured by: (i) a security interest in a manufactured home, as defined in G.S. 143-145, in the State that is or will be occupied by the borrower as the borrower's principal dwelling; (ii) a mortgage or deed of trust on real property in the State upon which there is located an existing structure designed principally for occupancy of from one to four families that is or will be occupied by the borrower as the borrower's principal dwelling; or (iii) a mortgage or deed of trust on real property in the State upon which there is to be constructed using the loan proceeds a structure or structures designed principally for occupancy of from one to four families that, when completed, will be occupied by the borrower as the borrower's principal dwelling. (5) The terms of the loan: (i) permit the borrower as a matter of right to defer payment of principal or interest; and (ii) allow or provide for the negative amortization of the loan balance. NC General Statutes - Chapter 45 25 (b) Except as provided in subdivision (6) of subsection (c) of this section, this section applies only to the following loans: (1) A loan originated on or after January 1, 2005, that was at the time the loan was originated a rate spread home loan as defined in G.S. 24-1.1F. (2) A loan secured by the borrower's principal dwelling, which loan was modified after January 1, 2005, and became at the time of such modification and as a consequence of such modification a rate spread home loan. (3) A loan that was a nontraditional mortgage loan at the time the loan was originated. (4) A loan secured by the borrower's principal dwelling, which loan was modified and became at the time of such modification and as a consequence of such modification a nontraditional mortgage loan. (c) This section does not apply to any of the following: (1) A home equity line of credit as defined in G.S. 45-81(a). (2) A construction loan as defined in G.S. 24-10(c). (3) A reverse mortgage as defined in G.S. 53-257 that complies with the provisions of Article 21 of Chapter 53 of the General Statutes. (4) A bridge loan with a term of 12 months or less, such as a loan to purchase a new dwelling where the borrower plans to sell his or her current dwelling within 12 months. (5) A loan made by a natural person who makes no more than one loan in a 12-month period and is not in the business of lending. (6) A loan secured by a subordinate lien on the borrower's principal dwelling, unless the loan was made contemporaneously with a rate spread home loan or a nontraditional mortgage loan that is subject to the provisions of this section. (d) In addition to any statutory or common law prohibition against deficiency judgments, the following shall apply to the foreclosure of mortgages and deeds of trust that secure loans subject to this section: (1) For mortgages and deeds of trust recorded before January 1, 2010, the holder of the obligation secured by the foreclosed mortgage or deed of trust shall not be entitled to any deficiency judgment against the borrower for any balance owing on such obligation if: (i) the real property encumbered by the lien of the mortgage or deed of trust being foreclosed was sold by a mortgagee or trustee under a power of sale contained in the mortgage or deed of trust; and (ii) the real property sold was, at the time the foreclosure proceeding was commenced, occupied by the borrower as the borrower's principal dwelling. (2) For mortgages and deeds of trust recorded on or after January 1, 2010, the holder of the obligation secured by the foreclosed mortgage or deed of trust shall not be entitled to any deficiency judgment against the borrower for any balance owing on such obligation if: (i) the real property encumbered by the lien of the mortgage or deed of trust being foreclosed was sold as a consequence of a judicial proceeding or by a mortgagee or trustee under a power of sale contained in the mortgage or deed of trust; and (ii) the real property sold was, at the time the judicial or foreclosure proceeding was commenced, occupied by the borrower as the borrower's principal dwelling. (e) The court may, in its discretion, award to the borrower the reasonable attorneys' fees actually incurred by the borrower in the defense of an action for deficiency if: (i) the borrower prevails in an action brought by the holder of the obligation secured by the foreclosed mortgage or deed of trust to recover a deficiency judgment following the foreclosure of a loan to which NC General Statutes - Chapter 45 26 this section applies; and (ii) the court rules that the holder of the obligation secured by the foreclosed mortgage or deed of trust is not entitled to a deficiency judgment under the provisions of this section. The amount of attorneys' fees to be awarded shall be determined without regard to the provisions of the loan documents, the provisions of G.S. 6-21.2, or any statutory presumption as to the amount of such attorneys' fees. (2009-441, s. 1.)

This link should take you to the North Carolina websitelaws are available online.
Learn more about what the above procedures and rules mean. Review the homeowner foreclosure guide on this website.

Residential loan non-recourse?

Than you so much for replying to my questions about deficits in foreclosure. When this property was re-financed, it was refinanced for a residential loan, not a rental. My understanding is that this would make it a non-recourse loan? If it is a non-recourse loan, I was thinking that the bank could not sue me for a deficiencies. Is this generally true? Again, thank you so much for your response. I can not tell you how appreciative, I am.

RE: Residential loan non-recourse?

Most Deed’s of Trust have an occupancy requirement which determines whether a property is considered a principal residence. Here’s a typical clause:“Borrower shall occupy, establish, and use the Property as Borrower’s principal residence within 60 days after the execution of this Security Instrument and shall continue to occupy the Property as Borrower’s principal residence for at least one year after the date of occupancy, unless Lender otherwise agrees in write, et. Cetera.”This clause, if there is one in your Deed of Trust (or mortgage) is subject to interpretation by North Carolina law. Consult a North Carolina lawyer for a legal opinion.

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Re: Deficiency judgment on rental property

Owners of rental property generally are not protected by anti-deficiency legislation, which North Carolina apparently has. The tax value of your property is greater than what you owe the bank, but the tax value isn't the important number--you need to talk to a real estate broker about the probable market value of your home. If the market value (even after disclosing the need for rehab) is greater than the amount you owe then consider putting the house up for sale. If, on the other hand, you lose money on the sale, the bank will need to sue you to get any shortfall. Since your daughter is on the title of your other property, they theoretically can only go after your interest in the property. A lien would be placed on that property, and the bank would recover its money when that property is sold. There are a lot of variables--it depends on how you and your daughter hold title, when she acquired title with you, etc. Most of all it depends on North Carolina law--you need to speak with a North Carolina lawyer to sort through the issues. Call a lawyer and ask whether he or she does real estate work and how much the fees are. Advice from a good North Carolina lawyer would be money well spend in your situation.

Deficiency judgment on rental property?

I have a question in regards to what happens to other property that a person might own if a person is forced to foreclose on a home.  I have had renters in a home and they have just given me notice that they are vacating.  Without the rental money, I can not make the mortgage payment.  I do not have the money to go in and do a rehab on the property.  It is not rent-able until it can be rehabbed.  I owe the bank approximately $190000 and the tax value of the property is approximately $220000.   I think it would take about $50000 to do the work needed. I was declared disabled three years ago and the disability that I receive is not enough to make the mortgage payment on the rental property and pay my bills.  I have another rental property that is in my daughter's name and mine.  Can the bank take the other rental property that is held in my daughter's and my name? The rental properties are in N.C. Thank you for your help.   

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